Vocabulary # 2

denotes the presence of two populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual who has developed from a single fertilized egg

Linkage group: all genes on a chromosome

 Abortion: premature exit of the products of conception
  

Aneuploidy: abnormal number of chromosomes, and is a type of chromosomes abnormality.
 

Autosome: chromosome that is not a sez chromosome.

Crossing over: process occurring during meiosis wherein two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material.

deletion: mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing. 

Disease: abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism.

Inversion: Part of a chromosome that became oriented in reverse, with no molecular loss.

karyotype: is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic. 

Nondisyunction:  failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during cell division.

Polyploidy: is a term used to describe cells and organism containing more than two paired sets of chromosomes.

Reciprocal: breeding experiment designed to test the role of parental sex on a given inheritance pattern. 

Sex chromosome: determine the sex of an organism

Syndrome: A set of symptoms that may not individually be a telling clue but collectively characterize a genetic disorder or disease.

Translocation: chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosome.

Double-blind study : is one in which neither the patient nor the physician knows whether the patient is receiving the treatment of interest or the control treatment.

Duplication: gene sequence repeated several to many hundreds or thousands of times.

Gentic abnormality: a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically.

Genetic disorder: illness caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. 

Genetic recombination: is a process by which a molecule of nuclei acid is broken and then joined to a different one.

Homologous chromosomes: are chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci.

In-vitro vertilization: conception outside the body.

	X Chromosome: A type of sex chromosome. An XX mammalian embryo becomes female; an XY pairing causes it to develop into a male.
	Y Chromosome: A type of sex chromosome. An XX mammalian embryo becomes female; an XY pairing causes it to develop into a male.